Bending the Light
Faceting is the process of cutting flat geometric surfaces (facets) onto a piece of rough to maximize its optical performance. Unlike cabbing, which relies entirely on intuition and smooth curves, faceting is governed by harsh mathematical rules.
The Refractive Index (RI)
Every mineral bends light differently, measured by its refractive index. The faceter must look up a stone's RI to determine the "critical angle." If facets on the bottom of the stone are cut below this angle, light passes right through. Cut above it, light bounces back to the viewer's eye, creating "brilliance."
Faceting Equipment
Faceters use a mast-and-dop system to set extremely precise angles and rotational indexing gears to place dozens—sometimes hundreds—of tiny polished flat planes onto a stone the size of a pea.
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